In those provinces where the revolt had failed the workers of the two trade union federations, the Socialist UGT and the Anarchosyndicalist CNT, took into their hands a vast portion of the economy. Bis 1870 wuchs so die Zahl der Mitglieder in Madrid auf etwa 2.000 an. Durrutis Tod am 20. Kommunisten und „Liberale“ auf der republikanischen Seite trugen in erheblichem Maße dazu bei, die anarchistische Revolution zu zerstören. Februar 2021 um 15:33 Uhr bearbeitet. Zur Gründungszeit hatte die CNT ungefähr 30.000 Mitglieder aus verschiedenen Vereinen und Organisationen, was von einem späteren Standpunkt betrachtet (später hatte die CNT mehr als 1.000.000 Mitglieder) vergleichsweise wenig sind. The CNT was quickly declared an illegal organization. In Barcelona ist Hausbesetzung weit verbreitet; viele Hausbesetzer haben anarchistische Sichtweisen. In addition, other popular military structures were formed, such as the Iron Column or the Red and Black Column that also departed for Aragon. Text of a talk delivered to Socialist Society in February, 99, to mark the annisversy of the Spanish Revolution . Among these initiatives were numerous schools of particular trades: railways, optics, transporters or metallurgists or departments dedicated to professional training. [38] The second place, anarchism defends that the worker will strive to produce and improve the process while controlling the productive activity, Marxism on the other hand understands that the worker will try harder in exchange for receiving a higher remuneration.[39]. 54% of the expropriated area of republican Spain was collectivized, according to IRA data. Viele der Brände waren gar nicht von Anarchisten verübt, jedoch wurden Anarchisten oft von den Behörden zum Sündenbock gemacht. On February 27, 1937, the government banned the FAI's newspaper Nosotros, thus initiating the period during which most of the publications critical of the government began to suffer censorship. Bemerkenswert an den Aufständen ist das starke anarchistische Element in den Bewegungen. Da Attentate und Anschläge die syndikalistische Arbeit stark erschwerten, arbeiteten zunehmend auch Anarchosyndikalisten selbst an der Eindämmung der Gewalt. Der Gründungskongress der CNT setzte eine besondere Emphase auf die Rolle der Frauen in der Arbeiterbewegung und erzwang Bemühungen zu ihrer Rekrutierung in die Organisation. The seminal history of Spanish anarchism: from its earliest inception to the organizations that claimed over two million members on the eve of the 1936 Revolution. This should make Anarchist Spain's starting position much weaker. Extremadura. Wherever fascism's origins lay, by the mid-1930s it seemed unstoppable. The Anarchists of Spain, through the C.N.T., are doing one of the biggest constructive jobs ever done by the working class. There had undoubtedly been pressure, and no doubt force was used on some occasions in the fervor after the rising. Die Gegenrevolutions-Aktivitäten bewirkten oft eine Schwächung der antifaschistischen Kriegsanstrengungen. [34], This measure consisted of the creation of a Workers' Committee that would be in charge of controlling working conditions, the cash movements of the companies and the control of production in all those companies in which the property remained private,[35] excepting only those that did not gather enough personnel to meet the conditions to belong to the committee. Despite the fact that there were specific records in previous days of the distribution of weapons among civilian sectors, it was during the General Strike when groups of trade unionists linked to the convening unions and smaller groups, assaulted many of the weapons depots of the state forces, independently of whether they were in revolt against the Government or not. This page was last edited on 18 February 2021, at 18:05. September 28: Decree for the voluntary transfer of heads and officers of the popular militias to the Army. The economic changes that followed the military insurrection were no less dramatic than the political. Eine andere berühmte Einheit war die Eiserne Einheit, zusammengestellt aus früheren Häftlingen, die mit der Revolution sympathisierten. The SIE Films (Syndicate of the Entertainment Industry) and the Spartacus Films brand were created for the production of films. On the Land. CNT agricultural collectives with 23,000 families, that is, a minimum of 67,992 people, approximately, to which must be added the UGT collectives, of at least as much, this is 176,000 in agriculture. Diese Beziehung dauerte dennoch nicht lange. Locally produced goods, if abundant, such as bread, wine, and olive oil, were distributed freely, while other articles could be obtained by means of coupons at the communal depot. (Anzumerken ist, dass zu dieser Zeit die CNT-FAI-Führung nicht annähernd so radikal war wie die eingetragenen Mitglieder, die für diese raschen Veränderungen verantwortlich waren.). Der Konflikt wurde gewalttätig, als die Polizei auf die unbewaffnete Menge schoss, was zur Folge hatte, dass die Arbeiter die Stadthalle stürmten. In the Valencian area, 353 communes were established, 264 led by the CNT, 69 by the UGT and 20 in a mixed CNT-UGT manner. There were many industrial collectives in the capitals and in the towns. Die Polizei stoppte den zweiten Streik, bevor er einen großen Umfang erreichen konnte, indem Mitglieder des Streikkomitees und viele andere umgehend inhaftiert wurden. Etwa eine Viertelmillion Menschen nahmen an Durrutis Beerdigung teil, doch Durrutis Todesursache bleibt bis heute ungeklärt. The arrival, on the one hand, of the thousands of anarchist militiamen from Catalunya and Valencia and the existence, on the other, of a large rural Aragonese popular base allowed the progressive development of the largest collectivist experiment of the revolution. Das Casas-Viejas-Massaker rief Stürme der Entrüstung hervor, auch auf Seiten konservativer Republikaner. There were 50 000 people in the Militia of anarchist columns from the CNT, that is exactly a half. Although some communities had problems with the republican authorities (the 11th Division of Líster entered Aragon to dissolve them in August 1937), others, such as those of Castilla, Region of Murcia or Andalusia, could function with more or less success until 1939, when they were dissolved by Franco's troops.